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1.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 27(7): 2597-2608, 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384449

ABSTRACT

Abstract Studies analyzing relations between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and environmental aspects in Latin American cities are relatively recent and limited, since most of them are conducted in high-income countries, analyzing mortality outcomes, and comprising large areas. This research focuses on adults with diabetes and/or hypertension under clinical follow-up who live in deprived areas. At the individual level we evaluated sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors from patient's records, and at the neighborhood level, socioeconomic conditions from census data. A multilevel analysis was carried out to study CVD. More women than men were under clinical follow-up, but men had higher frequency, higher odds, and shorter time to CVD diagnosis. Multilevel analysis showed that residing in neighborhoods with worst socioeconomic conditions leads to higher odds of CVDs, even after controlling for individual variables: OR (CI95%) of CVD in quartile 2 (Q2) 3.9 (1.2-12.1); Q3 4.0 (1.3-12.3); Q4 2.3 (0.7-8.0) (vs. highest socioeconomic level quartile). Among individuals living in unequal contexts, we found differences in CVD, which makes visible inequalities within inequalities. Differences between women and men should be considered through a gender perspective.


Resumo Os estudos que analisam as relações entre doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs) e aspectos ambientais em cidades latino-americanas são relativamente recentes e limitados. A maioria é realizada em países de alta renda analisando a mortalidade em grandes áreas. Esta investigação foca a população de adultos em acompanhamento clínico por diabetes e/ou hipertensão residentes em áreas carentes. No nível individual foram avaliados fatores sociodemográficos e de risco cardiovascular a partir dos prontuários médicos; e a partir de dados censitários, as condições socioeconômicas no nível da vizinhança. Mais mulheres do que homens estavam sob acompanhamento clínico, mas os homens apresentaram maior frequência, maior chance e menor tempo para diagnóstico de DCV. A análise multinível mostrou que residir em bairros com piores condições socioeconômicas leva a maiores chances de DCV, mesmo após o controle de variáveis ​​individuais. As OR (IC95%) de DCV foram: Q2 OR 3,9 (1,2-12,1); Q3 OR 4,0 (1,3-12,3); Q4 OR 2,3 (0,7-8,0) (referência: quartil de maior nível socioeconômico). Entre os indivíduos que vivem em contextos desiguais, encontramos diferenças nas DCV, mostrando desigualdades dentro das desigualdades. Diferenças entre homens e mulheres devem ser abordadas com uma perspectiva de gênero.

2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 40(2): 115-122, Apr.-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-959220

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) assessed with the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), using the established cutoff point, and comparing it with the results of a joint correspondence factor analysis (CFA) and cluster analysis and of a latent class analysis (LCA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban sample of 1,095 women aged 19 to 55 years. Joint CFA-cluster analysis and LCA were used. Results: We found a high prevalence of CMD, regardless of classification method (37.6% when using the cutoff point; 44.4% and 52% for LCA and joint CFA-cluster, respectively). The alternative analysis strategies describe the cases more efficiently when compared to the traditional cutoff method, especially regarding more severe symptoms. Both alternative strategies also provide a description of the SRQ-20 dimensions in their particularities, which may be useful for the planning and implementation of specific actions in a given population. Conclusion: The SRQ-20 cutoff point seems to underestimate the magnitude of CMD among women. The alternative methods of analysis presented herein highlight the different possibilities of using this important instrument of screening for mental health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Self Report , Mental Disorders/epidemiology
3.
Cad. saúde pública ; 31(5): 1035-1048, 05/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-749078

ABSTRACT

Social, individual, and programmatic vulnerability of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the context of the HIV epidemic and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) is a reality in many countries. The survey Behavior, Attitudes, Practices, and Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis in Men Who Have Sex with Men in 10 Brazilian Cities selected 383 MSM in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, using the respondent driven sampling (RDS) technique. Individual vulnerability early sexual initiation (51%), average of eight sex partners, and unprotected receptive anal sex with casual (32%) and steady partners (45%) and positive rapid tests HIV (6.5%) and syphilis (9%). Social vulnerability young adults (80%), black race/skin color (91%), mean monthly family income of BRL 1,000.00, and personal history of discrimination (57%). Programmatic factors no previous HIV test (63%) and no access to lubricant gel (88%). The study showed a profile of vulnerability and the urgent need for interventions and STI prevention in the MSM population in Salvador, in addition to high prevalence rates for HIV and syphilis. .


La vulnerabilidad social, individual y programática de los hombres que mantienen sexo con hombres (HSH) en un contexto de infección del VIH y enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) es una realidad en muchos países. En la encuesta Comportamiento, Actitudes, Prácticas y Prevalencia de VIH y Sífilis entre Hombres que Practican Sexo con Hombres en 10 Ciudades Brasileñas, 383 hombres conformaron la selección en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, según respondent driven sampling (RDS). El perfil de la vulnerabilidad personal es inicio temprano de la actividad sexual (51%), promedio de 8 parejas sexuales, la práctica de relaciones sexuales receptivas sin protección: pareja ocasional (32%), fijos (45%), VIH positivo (6,5%) y sífilis (8,8%). Vulnerabilidad social adultos jóvenes (80%), negros (91%), con ingresos medios por hogar de R$ 1.000,00 y que sufrieron algún tipo de discriminación (57%). Factores programáticos ninguna prueba de VIH en la vida (63%) y sin acesso a gel lubrificante (88%). Identificado un perfil de vulnerabilidad, y la urgente uimplementación de la intervención y la prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual entre los HSH en la ciudad. Hubo un perfil de vulnerabilidad y una necesidad urgente de acciones de intervención y prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual durante la investigación de la población en este municipio, además de una alta prevalencia de VIH y sífilis. .


A vulnerabilidade social, individual e programática dos homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH), no contexto da epidemia do HIV e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (DST) é uma realidade em muitos países. A pesquisa Comportamento, Atitudes, Práticas e Prevalência de HIV e Sífilis entre Homens que Fazem Sexo com Homens em 10 Cidades Brasileiras, selecionou, no Município de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, 383 HSH via técnica respondent driven sampling (RDS). Vulnerabilidade individual início precoce da vida sexual (51%), média de oito parceiros sexuais, sexo anal receptivo desprotegido com parceiro casual (32%) e fixo (45%), e teste rápido positivo: HIV (6,5%) e sífilis (9%). Vulnerabilidade social adultos jovens (80%), negros (91%), renda familiar média de R$ 1.000,00 e sofreram algum tipo de discriminação (57%). Fatores programáticos sem teste do HIV (63%), sem acesso ao gel lubrificante (88%). Observou-se um perfil de vulnerabilidade e urgente necessidade de ações de intervenção e prevenção às DST no município na população pesquisada, além de altas prevalências do HIV e sífilis. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data , Syphilis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Condoms , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Syphilis/prevention & control
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